nanoscience and nano engineering in concrete advances , a review

this paper reviews some progressive studies and innovations in cement and concrete materials in nano field. due to the widespread acceptance of the special properties of nano materials and using them for engineering concrete performance, understanding and directing their properties are not achievable without instructing concepts and investigating interactions among components. due to achievement of different properties of matters at the nanoscale, evaluating their physical and chemical effects on micro and macro scales in concrete and understanding the mechanisms that govern the interactions of nanoscale materials with appropriate characterization are essential. advanced characterization techniques should be used for concrete to distinguish components of concrete multiphase composite. the other aim of this study was to better understand the importance of probably future advanced techniques and how they can be used as valuable tools to study the nanostructure and microstructure of cement and cement hydration products.