mathematical models for microbial kinetics in solid-state fermentation: a review

context:in this review, we discuss empirical and stoichiometric models, which have been developed recently in ssf processes and the influence of environmental conditions on the variables of these models. additionally, new studies on modeling of product formation are also mentioned. evidence acquisition:solid-state fermentation (ssf) is recognized as a cheap process for producing many valuable products like industrial enzymes and bioethanol. to develop, optimize, and scale-up this process, mathematical models are required. in this review, we collected all the papers regarding microbial growth and product formation modeling in ssf. the pros and cons of each model and confirmation with experimental data were also discussed. we discussed here the simple empirical growth kinetics models and the effect of environmental conditions on these models parameters, stoichiometric models and product formation models. results:simple empirical models are used widely in the kinetic modeling of ssf processes due to their simplicity and ease of use. however, more studies should be done in this field to make them more accurate, especially; the effect of environmental conditions, like temperature and moisture, on key variables of the model must be considered. robust modeling methods, like stoichiometric models, are in their early stages in ssf processes and require more studies. developing models in which transport phenomena models are coupled with the growth kinetics models can help better ssf bioreactor designing. on the other hand, to use ssf for producing valuable products, product formation models, which are not developed well in ssf processes, are necessary. conclusions:to use ssf for producing valuable metabolites in large scales, more attention is required for modeling the ssf processes, especially for product formation models and using modern methods like stoichiometric models.