integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation with urban planning for a livable city in tehran

climate change impacts are seen within growing numbers of cities in low- and middle-income countries, so there is growing interest in the adaptation and mitigation plans and programs put forward by city authorities. this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the constraints which cities face them in this subject by analyzing the case of tehran. city has a commitment to decentralization, transparency, accountability and participation. there are some new programs and plansin urban planning which has evolved to include a broad vision of urban challenges and responses, a commitment to environmental sustainability and a strategic plan that has involved multiple stakeholders. this paper describes the principles for integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation with urban planning which can be useful for urban authorities. then it analysesthe many measures implemented in tehran over the last years, which provide a solid foundation for more systematically addressing adaptation. it also describes the significant challenges faced by the city’s administration, especially around funding, data and the challenge of responding to pressing and competing interests.tehran city is still struggling to complete greenhouse gas inventories andit has, however, implemented several specific mitigation measures and tries continuously to place this issue on the government’s agenda.however, tehran’s particular way of responding to current development challenges has put in place the flexibility, creativity and commitment needed for adaptation, regardless of whether this is made explicit or not. the results of this study reveal thattehran’s policies have had continuity and consistency, despite being frequently revised over years, because each administration has built upon the progress of its predecessor. this is quite unusual; it is more common for there to be a revision of all that has been accomplished and for the need to point out the negative aspects of the previous administration and to differentiate from it. but according to policies that developed and leading countries in field of climate change adaptation and mitigation, tehran can create a basis for including adaptation measures in local environmental and development plans. some solutions in this area are: effective governance; institutional capacity; innovative planning and legal frameworks; holistic approaches to urban environmental problems and local development issues; a capacity to work with the urban poor; and an engaged civil society.