diverse clinical and histology presentation in c1q nephropathy

patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome with or without nephritic illness rarely come across with the diagnosis of ‘c1q nephropathy’. this entity is purely diagnosed with the help of immunofluorescence like iga nephropathy. clinical presentation is heterogenous, ranging from nephrotic range proteinuria to sub-nephrotic state; and with or without hematuria / renal insufficiency. similarly, the concept of ‘c1q nephroapthy’ has periodically evolved since its original description by jenette and hipp in 1985. here the pathophysiology, histologic findings / diagnostic and therapeutic options in patients with c1q nephropathy are discussed.