chemical composition and anxiolytic evaluation of achillea wilhelmsii c. koch essential oil in rat

herbal based remedies are used worldwide to treat psychiatric disorders. the aim of this study was to analyse the essential oil composition of achillea wilhemsii c. koch (asteraceae) and to evaluate its anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus maze (epm) model of anxiety in rat. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( gc/ms) analysis of the essential oil showed that the main compounds of the oil were p-ocimen (23%), 1, 8-cineole (20.8%) and carvone (19.13%). the epm results showed that 1 mg/kg (i.p.) of the oil significantly (p<0.05) increased the percentage of the time spent and the number of entries in the open arms of the maze while it did not change the total number of entries in the maze arms. these effects were not reversed with 2 mg/kg flumazenil and 5 mg/kg naloxone. we concluded that a minimum dose of 1 mg/kg of the oil has anxiolytic effects which are not probably mediated through gaba and opioid receptors.