the effects of different concentrations of 2,4-d and ba on somatic embryogenesis of strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.)

present study was conducted to consider the effects of different concentrations of 2,4-d and ba on somatic embryogenesis induction, development and maturation of three strawberry cultivars (kurdistan, parose and camarosa). for this purpose, leaf blade, nodal, petiole, stamen and flower bud calli were cultured on murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d at 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l ) as well as the combination with different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) of benzyl adenine (ba). the concentration and kind of growth regulators, cultivar and explant had great importants on strawberry somatic embryogenesis induction, development and maturation. results obtained from the studies revealed that all explants with the exception of petiole and stamen incubated on medium formed embryonic calli. ms medium supplemented with combination of auxin and cytokinins were evidently higher than those in the single auxin treatments. 1 mg/l 2,4-d + 0.25 mg/l ba yielded the highest percentage of embryonic calli and number of globular embryo stage and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-d + 0.25 mg/l ba yielded the highest number of embryo cotyledonary in all types explants. the leaf explant calli and parose cultivar were the most responsive to produce to somatic embryogenesis induction, development and maturation.