effectiveness of clodinafop-propargyl, haloxyfop-p-methyl and difenzoquat-methyl-sulfate plus adigor® and propel™ adjuvants in controlling avena ludoviciana durieu.

various adjuvants carry out different functions depending on the herbicides types and the target species. outdoor pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three post-emergence herbicides, namely, clodinafop-propargyl, haloxyfop-p-methyl, and difenzoquat-methyl-sulfate, as influenced by two adjuvants, on wild oat (avena ludoviciana durieu.) control. the study was carried out at the ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran, during 2010. the applied adjuvants were adigor® and propel™, registered and sold for use with pinoxaden and tralkoxydim herbicides, respectively, at 0.1 and 0.2% (v/v). these two adjuvants in tank-mixture with the tested herbicides were completely compatible physically and resulted in improvement in controlling wild oats. when propel™ was added to all three herbicides, herbicidal activity was higher than when adigor® was added. with increasing adjuvant concentrations, the performance of the tested herbicides increased significantly. in general, the benefit of the two adjuvants appeared greater for clodinafop-propargyl than for the other herbicides. the performance against wild oat of clodinafop-propargyl, haloxyfop-p-methyl, or difenzoquat-methyl-sulfate plus propel™ at 0.2% was higher by 2.92, 1.42, and 1.67 times, respectively, compared with the use of those herbicides without adjuvants. this result may be related to differences in the physio-chemical characteristics of the tested herbicides. overall, use of propel™ with clodinafop-propargyl is recommendable.