source of umayyad fiscal revenue in khorasan

Identification and Characterization of Dust Source in Khorasan Razavi Province

Background and Amis: One of the phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions is dust storm. Dust is one of the environmental issues that affect the quality and pollution of the air, human health, soil fertility, visibility, economy, and many social and environmental aspects of the community. The present research has been carried out to identify and characterize the areas of dust source in Khorasan...

Fiscal Pressures and Revenue Diversification in the Great Plains

Fiscal Competition, Revenue Sharing, and Policy-induced Agglomeration

Revenue sharing can be used to discourage low tax regions from competing for capital and firms with high tax regions. However, with heterogeneous regions, revenue sharing involves net transfers across regions and creates a “moral-hazard” problem – that is, regions may want to invest less in market fostering public good when the benefits are shared across nations. This paper analyzes these costs...

Lowering revenue deficit, subsidies hold key to fiscal consolidation

The Government of India needs to take some hard decisions in the upcoming Union Budget for 2000-01. There are several reasons why it is important to do so right now. India's political system is more than ever in consensus about the basic direction of reforms. The current government enjoys a strong electoral mandate. This is the first year in office for this government, and is, therefore, the mo...

The proportion of knowledge and power in the Umayyad period: Umayyad cultural policies against Shiites

Knowledge production at any moment in history is the result of the powerful historical agent’s role. Therefore, considering the proportion of knowledge and power would have a fundamental significance in the historical period’s discourse atmosphere recognition. According to the assumption that knowledge implies everything that users of a community deem as knowledge, this article considers the pr...

The Tax and Petroleum Revenue Effect on Iran’s Public Expenditures (1994–2015), Employing Fiscal Illusion Approach

I ncreased expenditures and the government size is an important issue in public sector economics. In this regard, various theories have been developed in order to justify the reasons for the public expenditure growth, and the theories have been empirically tested. One of the outlooks explaining the government expenditures growth and the economy size, is fiscal illusion approach. According ...