mineralogical changes in clay-sized phlogopite and muscovite as affected by endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis
نویسندگان
چکیده
abstract the association between neotyphodium spp. endophytes and cool-season grasses, particularly tall fescue (festuca arundinacea, schreb), represents a widespread type of mutualism in nature. numerous researches were performed about positive effect of symbiosis on plant resistance to different stresses but the role of symbiosis on nutrients uptake particularly potassium uptake and k-bearing mineral transformation is not well recognized. the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of endophyte-tall fescue symbiosis on the transformation of clay-sized micaceous minerals. a pot experiment under green house conditions was carried out in a completely randomized design with factorial combinations and three replicates. the culture medium was a mixture of quartz sand (as filling material) and phlogopite or muscovite. tall fescue 75b genotype either infected by the natural endophyte neotyphodium or non-infected isoline was chosen for cultivation. pots were irrigated with distilled water and complete or k-free nutrient solutions during a period of 140 days. at the end of the experiment, shoots and roots were harvested. plant samples were prepared with dry ashing method and their k concentration was determined with flame photometer. the clay-sized particles in each pot were mineralogically studied using an x-ray diffractometer. the results showed the vermiculitization of phlogopite under both nutrient solutions conditions, but with a much higher rate in pots treated with k-free nutrient solution. in addition to vermiculite, smectite and chlorite were also detected as newly formed minerals in phlogopite amended pots. also, a very weak vermiculitization was observed in muscovite treated media. under the k-free nutrient solution and in phlogopite amended treatments, the 1.4/1.0 nm peak ratio for endophyte infected plants was 4 times greater than that under non-infected plants. such a significant difference in phlogopite vermiculitization is attributed to endophyte symbiosis and its positive effects on the type and quantity of tall fescue roots secretions. a significant decrease in ph values under the rhizosphere of infected plants further confirmed this hypothesis.
منابع مشابه
Liver cytochrome P450 system as affected by endophyte-infected tall fescue seed extracts and ergot alkaloids
Endophyte infected tall fescue (E+) is the base diet for nearly all beef cattle in the southern USA. It has been linked to a variety of toxicological conditions due to the presence of large numbers of ergot alkaloids. This study was designed to investigate the effects of E+ seed extract and selected ergot alkaloids on the detoxification pathway by cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) enzyme system. Tests w...
متن کاملNovel Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue
Tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) is a cool season perennial grass that fills a critical forage produc-tion gap in the Southeast and is the predominant forage crop in much of the U.S. In fact, this species is the most widely used grass in improved U.S. pastures, occupying more than 36 million acres. Its popularity is related to establishment ease, drought tolerance, excellent graz...
متن کاملMicroarray analysis of endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue.
Many grasses have mutualistic symbioses with fungi of the family Clavicipitaceae. Tall fescue can harbor the obligate endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum that is asexually propagated and transmitted via host seeds. Total RNA was isolated from pseudostems of known endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E-) plants and tested in triplicate on the Affymetrix Wheat Genome Array GeneChip and Ba...
متن کاملForages and pastures symposium: managing the tall fescue-fungal endophyte symbiosis for optimum forage-animal production.
Alkaloids produced by the fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) that infects tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] are a paradox to cattle production. Although certain alkaloids impart tall fescue with tolerances to environmental stresses, such as moisture, heat, and herbivory, ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte can induce fescue toxicosis, a malady that adversely a...
متن کاملSymbiosis Between Tall Fescue and a Fungal Shoot Endophyte Affects Soil Microbial Communities
The symbiosis between tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceum) and a shoot-specific fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) has been relatively well studied but little attention has been given to how this relationship may impact the soil microbial community. Understanding how the symbiosis may structure soil microbial communities is important for understanding the cascade of effects that this sy...
متن کاملSelection for Persistence in Endophyte-Free Kentucky 31 Tall Fescue
itiveness of Kentucky 31 tall fescue (Bouton et al., 1993a; Hill et al., 1991; West et al., 1993). However, cattle ‘Kentucky 31’, released in 1943, remains the most widely used tall grazing forage from most E tall fescue cultivars suffer fescue cultivar (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones & Gams.) Glenn, from fescue toxicity (Buckner, 198...
متن کاملمنابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
آب و خاکجلد ۲۴، شماره ۳، صفحات ۰-۰
میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com
copyright © 2015-2023