international investment treaties and the formation, application and transformation of customary international law rules

Bilateral Investment Treaties and International Integration

This paper studies how bilateral investment treaties (BITs) affect the trade integration between partner countries. While the overall results from the full sample show that BIT signing is associated with an increase in overall imports that is generally smaller than the effect of WTO membership, BIT signing is found to have a considerable effect on capital goods imports and on imports of differe...

evolution of the approach of international judicial practice in the process of recognition of rules of customary international law

the judicial practice of the international courts and tribunals – especiallyinternational court of justice – as the most important official entities forsurveying and identifying legal rules, has always been a valuable source inthe recognition of customary international law. in the recent decades, as aresult of developments caused by improving human concepts and humanityprinciples in the interna...

Manifest Intent and the Generation by Treaty of Customary Rules of International Law

I shall argue in this essay that the World Court used a method which might be called the rule of manifest intent in the North Sea Continental Shelf Cases, that this method differs from a more traditional approach found in the writings of publicists, and that this new method accords well with the growing need to objectify and place upon a scientific basis the methodology by which one may determi...

Customary Law Without Custom? Rules, Principles, and the Role of State Practice in International Norm Creation

The Role of Consent and Uncertainty in the Formation of Customary International Law

a contrastive study of rhetorical functions of citation in iranian and international elt scopus journals

writing an academic article requires the researchers to provide support for their works by learning how to cite the works of others. various studies regarding the analysis of citation in m.a theses have been done, while little work has been done on comparison of citations among elt scopus journal articles, and so the dearth of research in this area demands for further investigation into citatio...