ontological arguments of mental existence in islamic philosophy: a critical examination

نویسندگان

حجت کوثریان

دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه تهران احمد بهشتی

استاد دانشگاه تهران عبدالرسول کشفی

دانشیار دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

from avicenna's era up to now, various arguments have been presented for the mental existence (al-wujud al-zihni), the most important of which are ten. these arguments don't have the same purpose: some of them are used only to reject the theory of relation (al-idafah), and some engage to refute the theory of phantoms (al-ashbah). considering critically the ten arguments, this article tries to show: (a) proving the mental existence for the mediate knowledge (al-‘ilm al-husuli) is possible only through an extending premise; (b) two arguments, i.e. the argument through assertion about non-existents (al-hukm ‘ala al-ma‘dumat) and the one through factual propositions (al-qadaya al-haqiqiyyah), are sound only if they are based on the argument through ideating non-existents (tasawwur al-ma‘dumat); (c) the proofs of mental existence are mostly examples for the argument through ideating non-existents; (d) among the ten arguments, only two, i.e. the argument through ideating non-existents and the one through misperception, are able to prove the mental existence, and the others are not sound.

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عنوان ژورنال:
فلسفه و کلام اسلامی

جلد ۴۳، شماره ۱، صفحات ۱۱۹-۱۳۸

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