arabic sentence divisions from the viewpoints of ibn hesham & al-makhzoomi

the study of the sentence and its divisions has been always a cause of difference in syntactical viewpoints among the ancient and modern arab grammarians. ibn hesham sees three divisions for the arabic sentence: the noun sentence, the verb sentence and the adverb sentence. the adverb sentence in his view is that in which a time or place adverb or a prepositional phrase is the predicate proceeded by a negative or interrogative article such as: al-makhzoomi like other arab grammarians disagrees with ibn hesham in this point and sees only two divisions for the arabic sentence: the verb sentence and the noun sentence. he says in respect to the third part of ibn hesham`s divisions ie. the adverb sentence: if the adverb depends upon an article the sentence should be a verb one and if it not, then that is a noun sentence and needs not to add a third part such as the adverb sentence to the divisions. he also contradicts ibn hesham with regard to the differentiation criteria between the verb and the noun sentences. he sees the both following arabic sentences:similar as verb sentences, because the predicate in the both is the verb; while he suggests that the sentence, because it has a noun predicate, as a noun sentence.