analysis of qisi’s style in moshkel-o e’rāb-el-quran (problem of using diacritical marks in quran)

the sciences of syntax, reading, and interpretation are among the literary arts that are made by clerics for understanding the word of god (kalāmollāh) from various viewpoints, and from which a collection of 30 scientific disciplines called quranic literature developed. at the top of these sciences is “using diacritical marks in quran” which is extremely important. in this area, many noted scholars researched and created valuable works among them is moshkel-o e’rāb-el-quran authored by macki ibn abi taleb qisi. with his proficiency in arabic literature and quranic sciences, qisi discussed subjects such as difficulties of using diacritical marks in quran and explained the different readings, the difference of opinion between readers (of the holy quran) and grammarians, word derivation, interpretation of quranic verses, and other subjects, if necessary. this article tries to analyze qisi’s style in the aforementioned matters by discussing subjects related to syntax and reading as well as presenting a biography of qisi, his works, and his scientific status.