Work, Entropy Production, and Thermodynamics of Information under Protocol Constraints

In many real-world situations, there are constraints on the ways in which a physical system can be manipulated. We investigate entropy production (EP) and extractable work involved bringing from some initial distribution p to final p?, given that set of master equations available driving protocol obeys constraints. first derive general bounds EP work, as well decomposition nonequilibrium free energy into an “accessible energy” (which extracted constraints) “inaccessible must dissipated EP). similar vein, we consider thermodynamics information presence decompose acquired measurement “accessible” “inaccessible” components. This allows us thermodynamic efficiency different measurements same system, use our framework analyze protocols subject symmetry, modularity, coarse-grained various examples including Szilard box, 2D Ising model, multiparticle flashing ratchet.9 MoreReceived 21 November 2020Revised 6 July 2021Accepted 9 August 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.041024Published by American Physical Society under terms Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further this maintain attribution author(s) published article’s title, journal citation, DOI.Published SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasEntropy productionIrreversible processesNonequilibrium & irreversible thermodynamicsNonequilibrium statistical mechanicsTechniquesInformation theoryStatistical Physics