Wind?Wave Attenuation in Arctic Sea Ice: A Discussion of Remote Sensing Capabilities

Wind-generated waves strongly interact with sea ice and impact air-sea exchanges, operations at sea, marine life. Unfortunately, the dissipation of wave energy is not well quantified its possible effect on upper ocean mixing drift are still mysterious. As Arctic opening up increases, limited amount in situ observations a clear limitation to our scientific understanding. Both radar optical remote sensing has revealed frequent presence ice, could be used more systematically investigate wave-ice interactions. Here we show that, cloud-free conditions, Sentinel-2 images exhibit brightness modulations ice-covered water, consistent measured few hours later by ICESat-2 laser altimeter. We that full-focus SAR processing Sentinel-3 altimeter data also reveals wavelengths within minutes imagery. The SWIM instrument CFOSAT another source quantitative evidence for direction when conditions spatially homogeneous. In height measurement method yet available all-weather near-nadir instruments such as altimeters SWIM. However, their systematic co-location ICESat-2, which less frequently able observe may provide empirical transfer functions needed interpret calibrate data, greatly expanding