Wind farm optimization with multiple hub heights using gradient-based methods

Abstract Optimization of the Levelized Cost Energy (LCoE) in wind farms helps ensure profitability and competitiveness project. Recent work has explored driving down LCoE by allowing multiple turbines a single farm - with different hub heights, rotor diameters, rated powers. In this work, we performed optimization Lillgrund continuously varying hub-heights to mitigate wake interference, improve annual energy production (AEP) reduce LCoE. The converged configuration where were vertically staggered, resulting an improvement both AEP internal rate return (IRR) financial metric related Reducing number discrete set 2 or 3 retained nearly all benefits staggering but is more aligned limitations manufacturing logistics.