Willemijn Waal, Hittite Diplomatics. Studies in Ancient Document Format and Record Management

Hittite andurza “inside, indoors” and the Indo-Hittite Hypothesis

Hittite attests an adverbial form andurza, with the basic meaning " inside; indoors ". It is often found opposed in ritual texts to askáz (ablative of aska-'gate') " out of the gate, outdoors " (see Puhvel [1984: s.v.] for citations); it also occurs in treaties with reference to rebellions in the meaning " in the interior, internally " , and is therein opposed to aravza (an old ablative of arva...

Portable Document Format (PDF) Registry

XCDF: A Canonical and Structured Document Format

Accessing the structured content of PDF document is a difficult task, requiring pre-processing and reverse engineering techniques. In this paper, we first present different methods to accomplish this task, which are based either on document image analysis, or on electronic content extraction. Then, XCDF, a canonical format with well-defined properties is proposed as a suitable solution for repr...

Binarization Of Ancient Document Images

Ancient documents accumulate a significant amount of human heritage over time. However, many environmental factors, improper handling, and the poor quality of the materials used in their creation cause them to suffer a high degree of degradation of various types. There are lots of ancient documents which are badly degraded. It is very difficult to segment text from the document, as there is a v...

Transformation-based Learning in Document Format Processing

Recent work in computational linguistics (Brill 1992; 1994) has described a transformation-based learner with impressive accuracy, speed and a lucid, concise representation. This work presents a set-based formal model of ambiguity, tagging and the transformationbased learning paradigm. We apply the model to the automatic learning of document format generation and recognition on multiple levels ...