Why Is There Always Energy for Dancing?

Why Believe That There Is a God?

This article presents an argument for the existence of God, showing that the evident phenomena are best explained by supposing that a God causes them. The argument is based on the inductive force of four very evident general phenomena: that there is a physical Universe; that it is governed by very simple natural laws; that those laws are such as to lead to the existence of human bodies; and tha...

Why is there CSF?

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/pne A good mathematical model of a physiological process does not need to explain everything. It is a big success if (1) it is physically intuitive; (2) it reveals deep connections between phenomena not previously known to be related, and (3) it makes predictions that can be tested by experiment. The model of intracranial pulsations presented in thi...

Why there is

What, precisely, is 'salt'? It is a certain white, solid, crystalline, material, also called sodium chloride. Does any of that solid white stuff exist in the sea? — Clearly not. One can make salt from sea water easily enough, but that fact does not establish that salt, as such, is present in brine. (Paper and ink can be made into a novel — but no novel actually exists in a stack of blank paper ...

Why There Is No Statistical Test for Confounding, Why Many Think There Is, and Why They Are Almost Right

Confounding is a simple concept. If we undertake to estimate the e ect of one variable (X) on another (Y ) by examining the statistical association between the two, we ought to ensure that the association is not produced by factors other than the e ect under study. The presence of spurious association, due for example to the in uence of extraneous variables, is called confounding as it tends to...

Mitochondrial DNA damage, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis: where there is smoke there is not always fire.