Which Export Variety Matters for Urban Economic Growth, Related or Unrelated Variety?

Related Variety, Unrelated Variety and Technological Breakthroughs: An analysis of US State-Level Patenting

We investigate how variety affects the innovation output of a region. Borrowing arguments from theories of recombinant innovation, we expect that related variety will enhance innovation as related technologies are more easily recombined into a new technology. However, we also expect that unrelated variety enhances technological breakthroughs, since radical innovation often stems from connecting...

Economic variety control and modularity

Since the industry revolution, companies have tried to standardize more their components, in order to allow mass production and to increase components’ commonality between products. To remain competitive, companies always have to offer more variety to customers. Manufacturers of complex assembled products that are facing the challenge of mass customization are forced to increase simultaneously ...

Variety Growth and World Welfare

Some Schemes Related to the Commuting Variety

The commuting variety is the pairs of n × n matrices (X, Y) such that XY = YX. We introduce the diagonal commutator scheme, { (X, Y) : XY − YX is diagonal } , which we prove to be a reduced complete intersection, one component of which is the commuting variety. (We conjecture there to be only one other component.) The diagonal commutator scheme has a flat degeneration to the scheme { (X, Y) : X...

Metrics for Solution Variety

The word “optimization” is cropping up in a wide variety of settings, especially advertisements for decision support and enterprise resources planning software. The problems being addressed are extremely complex and consequently the models being optimized can be at best an approximation of the goals of the organization and its shareholders. In such an environment, a decision maker would often b...