Where Does Water Go During Hydraulic Fracturing?

Self-Potential Observations During Hydraulic Fracturing

The self-potential (SP) response during hydraulic fracturing of intact Sierra granite was investigated in the laboratory. Excellent correlation of pressure drop and SP suggests that the SP response is created primarily by electrokinetic coupling. For low pressures, the variation of SP with pressure drop is linear, indicating a constant coupling coefficient (Cc) of -200 mV/MPa. However for press...

Where Does GOTO Go to?

Although GOTO has long been criticized for being \unstruc-tured" and causing \unreliable" programs, it is still in use and even modern languages like Ada95 provide GOTO. Why? This paper presents the results of a study in which we examined 316 MB of Ada source code in order to nd the frequency and typical applications of GOTO. It turned out that about 99% of all examined les do not contain any G...

Hydraulic and Pneumatic Fracturing

Improved reagent delivery using hydraulic fracturing during enhanced reductive dechlorination

In-situ remedial strategies that involve the injection of a remedial fluid offer much promise for cost-effectively treating groundwater contaminants such as chlorinated solvent compounds, nitrated explosives, and perchlorate. The successful implementation of many in-situ remediation projects is dependant on the ability to develop an efficient and effective system for the delivery of the necessa...

Occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica during hydraulic fracturing.

This report describes a previously uncharacterized occupational health hazard: work crew exposures to respirable crystalline silica during hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing involves high pressure injection of large volumes of water and sand, and smaller quantities of well treatment chemicals, into a gas or oil well to fracture shale or other rock formations, allowing more efficient rec...