What if ideal advice conflicts? A dilemma for idealizing accounts of normative practical reasons

Reasons for Discharge against Medical Advice: A Case Study of Emergency Departments in Iran

Background Incomplete hospitalization is the cause of disease relapse, readmission, and increase in medical costs. Discharge Against Medical Advice (DAMA) in emergency department (ED) is critical for hospitals. This paper aims to explore the underlying reasons behind DAMA in ED of four teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran.   Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which the samples were drawn...

Prioritized Imperatives and Normative Conflicts

Imperatives occur ubiquitously in natural languages. They produce forces which change the addressee’s cognitive state and regulate her actions accordingly. In real life we often receive conflicting orders, typically, issued by various authorities with different ranks. A new update semantics is proposed in this paper to formalize this idea. The general properties of this semantics, as well as it...

The " As if " Dilemma

Normative Conflicts and Deontic Logic

On the Checking of Indirect Normative Conflicts

In open multi-agent systems, norms are being used to regulate the behavior of the autonomous, heterogeneous and independently designed agents. Norms describe the behavior that can be performed, that must be performed, and that cannot be performed in the system. One of the main challenges on developing normative systems is that norms may conflict with each other. Two norms are in conflict when t...