What are the demographic consequences of a seed bank stage for columnar cacti?

The dynamics of plant populations are often limited by the early stages in their life cycles. However, information regarding seed bank and how these may influence whole cycle species is remarkably scarce or not considered explicitly. This lack knowledge due mainly to challenges quantifying vital rates. Studies arid land have historically been focused on drivers sporadic recruitment. little attention has given demographic consequences developmental stages, banks affect dynamics. Here, we evaluate effects survival seedling recruitment rates population viability 12 columnar cacti species. Recent evidence suggests that seeds remain viable for short-term. We assess changes processes inclusion a growth rate (λ). found examined matrix models significantly increased λ as well elasticities fecundity, whereas overall decreased. Our numerical simulations showed had more considerable effect than establishment. suggest explain structure Thus, reconsider this stage will generate informed decisions conservation management cacti.