Western Europe and Australia: negotiating freedoms of religion

Newly established religious minorities in Western European countries and Australia have sparked fresh questions about the public place of religion. The current situation region reflects a certain agonism over religion its relation to liberal secular order. This has especially been case for region’s Muslims context marked by fears radicalisation extremism. contribution considers these responses Belgium, France, Germany, UK; Australia. explores norm freedom that forms core similarity but also ground on which divergences norms state-religion connections can be found. It identifies key operate order draw out similarities as well important differences between countries. Exploring how governance diversity comes reflect diversity-enhancing or diversity-limiting features, it assesses ways extent characterised under ‘moderate secularism’.