Wave and Meso-Scale Eddy Climate in the Arctic Ocean

Under global climate change, the characteristics of oceanic dynamics are gradually beginning to change due melting sea ice. This study focused on inter-annual variation in waves and mesoscale eddies (radius > 40 km) Arctic Ocean from 1993 2021. The were simulated by a numerical wave model, WAVEWATCH-III (WW3), which included parameterization ice–wave interaction. long-term wind data European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-5), current level HYbrid Coordinate Model (HYCOM)were used as forcing fields. significant heights (SWHs) validated against 2012 measurements Jason-2 altimeter, yielding 0.55 m root mean square error (RMSE) with 0.95 correlation (COR). seasonal WW3-simulated SWH 2021 2022 showed that was lowest summer (July August 2021) highest winter (November April 2022). result indicates parts could become navigable summer. identified using daily-averaged anomalies (SLA) product spatial resolution 0.25° grid 1993−2021. We found activity intensity (EKE) radius distribution behaved opposing ways. analysis increase eddy lead growth. amplitude peaks reduced when Oscillation Index (AOI) <−1.0 increased AOI >0.5, especially case swells. oscillation low, EKE relatively small. Although almost similar AOI, also influenced eddies.