Vitreous M2 Macrophage-Derived Microparticles Promote RPE Cell Proliferation and Migration in Traumatic Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Purpose To characterize vitreous microparticles (MPs) in patients with traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and investigate their role PVR pathogenesis. Methods Vitreous MPs were characterized PVR, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated control subjects by flow cytometry. The presence of M2 macrophages epiretinal membranes was measured immunostaining. cytokines quantified ELISA assay. For vitro studies, isolated from THP-1 cell differentiated M1 macrophages, termed M1-MPs M2-MPs, used. effects mechanisms M2-MPs on RPE proliferation, migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition analyzed. Results derived photoreceptors, microglia, significantly increased comparison RRD (PVR), whereas no significance identified between the two groups. present membranes, signature markedly elevated PVR. Moreover, In analyses showed that promoted proliferation migration cells via activation phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. However, did not induce expression fibrotic proteins, including fibronectin, ?-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin cells. Conclusions This study demonstrated MP shedding PVR; specifically, polarized may contribute progression stimulating migration.