Visuomotor Representations within the Human Primary Motor Cortex: The Elusive Markers of Visuomotor Associative Learning

Visuomotor representations within the human primary motor cortex: the elusive markers of visuomotor associative learning.

Facilitation of visuomotor associative learning by the basal ganglia.

The notion that the basal ganglia were involved in motor control developed in the late 19 and early 20 centuries. Samuel Kinnier Wilson is given credit for coining the term ‘‘extrapyramidal’’ to describe a motor system distinct from the pyramidal system in his 1912 treatise describing hepatolenticular degeneration. The recognition that other neurological disorders with obvious motor disturbance...

Visuomotor learning by passive motor experience

Humans can adapt to unfamiliar dynamic and/or kinematic transformations through the active motor experience. Recent studies of neurorehabilitation using robots or brain-computer interface (BCI) technology suggest that passive motor experience would play a measurable role in motor recovery, however our knowledge of passive motor learning is limited. To clarify the effects of passive motor experi...

Multiple Motor Learning Strategies in Visuomotor Rotation

BACKGROUND When exposed to a continuous directional discrepancy between movements of a visible hand cursor and the actual hand (visuomotor rotation), subjects adapt their reaching movements so that the cursor is brought to the target. Abrupt removal of the discrepancy after training induces reaching error in the direction opposite to the original discrepancy, which is called an aftereffect. Pre...

Motor learning and consolidation: the case of visuomotor rotation.

Adaptation to visuomotor rotation is a particular form of motor learning distinct from force-field adaptation, sequence learning, and skill learning. Nevertheless, study of adaptation to visuomotor rotation has yielded a number of findings and principles that are likely of general importance to procedural learning and memory. First, rotation learning is implicit and appears to proceed through r...