منابع مشابه
DNA vaccines for viral diseases.
DNA plasmids encoding foreign proteins may be used as immunogens by direct intramuscular injection alone, or with various adjuvants and excipients, or by delivery of DNA-coated gold particles to the epidermis through biolistic immunization. Antibody, helper T lymphocyte, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been induced in laboratory and domesticated animals by these methods. In a nu...
متن کاملA Review of Intra- and Extracellular Antigen Delivery Systems for Virus Vaccines of Finfish
Vaccine efficacy in aquaculture has for a long time depended on evaluating relative percent survival and antibody responses after vaccination. However, current advances in vaccine immunology show that the route in which antigens are delivered into cells is deterministic of the type of adaptive immune response evoked by vaccination. Antigens delivered by the intracellular route induce MHC-I rest...
متن کاملInactivated Viral Vaccines
The first report of “virus” inactivation for vaccine purposes was described in 1886 when Daniel Elmer Salmon and Theobald Smith immunized pigeons with what they thought was a heat-killed hog cholera “virus” (Salmon and Smith 1886). Although in reality it was a cholera-like bacterium, it seeded the scientific community with evidence that immunization with inactivated pathogens can provide protec...
متن کاملAn Overview of Challenges Limiting the Design of Protective Mucosal Vaccines for Finfish
Research in mucosal vaccination in finfish has gained prominence in the last decade in pursuit of mucosal vaccines that would lengthen the duration of protective immunity in vaccinated fish. However, injectable vaccines have continued to dominate in the vaccination of finfish because they are perceived to be more protective than mucosal vaccines. Therefore, it has become important to identify t...
متن کاملPart 630—additional Standards for Viral Vaccines
(a) Dose. These standards are based on (1) vaccine intended for intradermal injection in a single human immunizing dose of 0.1 milliliter and (2) vaccine intended for percutaneous injection in a single skin application through which inoculation is made by a multiple puncture device. (b) Date of manufacture. The date of manufacture is the date of initiation of the last valid determination for CF...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: VirusDisease
سال: 2013
ISSN: 2347-3584,2347-3517
DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0186-4