منابع مشابه
Viral Vaccines and CTL Response
Immune induction by successful vaccine formulations seems to involve stimulation of both humoral and cellular arms of immunity. Nevertheless, CD8+ CTLs are of critical relevance in the context of intracellular infection and tumor for many reasons. The task of exerting antipathogen activity by CD8+ T cells, which principally function to control and eradicate intracellular pathogens, is enabled b...
متن کاملViral Hepatitis and Hepatitis Vaccines
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this chapter individuals should be able to: 1 Define hepatitis and its symptomatology. 2 Distinguish between the various viruses associated with hepatitis. 3 Describe the general features of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E, including the etiology, transmission, diagnosis, sequelae, and prophylaxis. 4 List and discuss th...
متن کاملVaccines and viral antigenic diversity.
Antigenic diversity among ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses occurs as a result of rapid mutation during replication and recombination/reassortment between genetic material of related strains during co-infections. Variants which have a selective advantage in terms of ability to spread or to avoid host immunity become established within populations. Examples of antigenically diverse viruses include ...
متن کاملInactivated Viral Vaccines
The first report of “virus” inactivation for vaccine purposes was described in 1886 when Daniel Elmer Salmon and Theobald Smith immunized pigeons with what they thought was a heat-killed hog cholera “virus” (Salmon and Smith 1886). Although in reality it was a cholera-like bacterium, it seeded the scientific community with evidence that immunization with inactivated pathogens can provide protec...
متن کاملDynamics of a diffusive viral model with Beddington-DeAngelis incidence rate and CTL immune response
In this paper, a four-dimensional system of viral model with cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) immune response is investigated. This model is a reaction-diffusion system with Beddington-DeAngelis incidence rate and free diffusion in a bounded domain. With the help of comparison principle and Lyapunov function method, the well-posedness of solutions and sufficient conditions for global stability of non...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1110-7243,1110-7251
DOI: 10.1155/2010/141657