VDR Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review

The vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis is crucial for human health as it regulates the expression of genes involved in different functions, including calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, immune responses. In particular, D/VDR complex both innate adaptive immunity. Autoimmune diseases are believed to arise from a genetic predisposition presence triggers such hormones environmental factors. Among these, role Vitamin molecules correlated its functions has been repeatedly suggested. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) VDR gene, ApaI, BsmI, TaqI, FokI, have associated with autoimmune disorders. particular SNP alleles genotypes, thus, was observed modulate likelihood developing diverse conditions, either increasing or reducing it. this work, we will review scientific literature suggesting these factors pathogenesis conditions summarize evidence indicating possible involvement onset diseases. A better understanding molecular mechanisms linking autoimmunity might be extremely useful designing novel therapeutic avenues