Vapor nanobubble-mediated photoporation constitutes a versatile intracellular delivery technology

Vapor nanobubble-mediated photoporation has evolved into a promising physical intracellular delivery technology. When irradiated with short but intense laser pulses, photothermal nanomaterials can generate vapor nanobubbles that, when they collapse, induce transient membrane pores through which exogenous effector molecules be delivered the cells. Interestingly, this technique offers high-throughput in various cell types, including hard-to-transfect primary A unique feature among transfection technologies is its ability to deliver compounds spatially defined areas, even single-cell resolution, controlled scanning of beam. This especially useful for targeting specific cells dense heterogenous samples. Although primarily used permeabilizing outer membrane, strategy been exploited destabilize endosomal and nuclear membranes as well. • Photothermal upon pulsed irradiation. Membrane disruption bubble collapse promotes molecules. Cell recovery functionality crucial needs controlled. Photoporation nanoparticle single cells/cell types. induced on level different cellular membranes.