Valorization of Bread Waste to a Fiber- and Protein-Rich Fungal Biomass

Filamentous fungi can be used for the valorization of food waste as a value-added product. The goal this study was bread through fungal cultivation and production products. verified upscaling from shake flasks to bench-scale bioreactor (4.5 L) pilot-scale (26 L). fungus showed ability grow without any additional enzymes or nutrients, it able consume concentration 4.5% (w/v) over 48 h. biomass in 4.1 g/L at 2.5% concentration, which increased 22.5 15% concentration. concentrations obtained after h using were 7.2–8.3 8.0 4.5 26 L bioreactors, respectively. Increasing aeration rate decreased amount ethanol produced slightly reduced protein content biomass. initial value around 13%, while harvested ranged 27% 36%. nutritional evaluated by analyzing amino acids fatty acids. This presents protein- fatty-acid-rich that is simultaneously source microfibers.