Vaccine switch urged for polio endgame

Preventing Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emergence during the Polio Endgame

Reversion and spread of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) to cause outbreaks of poliomyelitis is a rare outcome resulting from immunisation with the live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs). Global withdrawal of all three OPV serotypes is therefore a key objective of the polio endgame strategic plan, starting with serotype 2 (OPV2) in April 2016. Supplementary immunisation activities (SI...

Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus and the polio eradication endgame

The world is now in the 24 year of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Halfway through that initiative in 2000, the island of Hispaniola saw an outbreak of vaccine derived poliovirus [1]. The implications of this outbreak and multiple subsequent isolations of Sabin strains that are estimated to have circulated in communities for a year or more are now causing a reconsideration of the optim...

Characterization of outbreak response strategies and potential vaccine stockpile needs for the polio endgame

BACKGROUND Following successful eradication of wild polioviruses and planned globally-coordinated cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), national and global health leaders may need to respond to outbreaks from reintroduced live polioviruses, particularly vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Preparing outbreak response plans and assessing potential vaccine needs from an emergency stockpile...

Impact of inactivated poliovirus vaccine on mucosal immunity: implications for the polio eradication endgame

The polio eradication endgame aims to bring transmission of all polioviruses to a halt. To achieve this aim, it is essential to block viral replication in individuals via induction of a robust mucosal immune response. Although it has long been recognized that inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is incapable of inducing a strong mucosal response on its own, it has recently become clear that IPV...

Perspectives on Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in National Immunization Program and Polio Endgame Strategy