Utilizing Spent Batteries to Fabricate Ni/ZnO-MnO2 Electrodes for Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation

Abstract In this work, a novel Ni/ZnO-MnO2 electrode was fabricated by utilizing spent zinc-manganese batteries and then applied to the electrochemical treatment of ammonia-containing wastewater. The obtained characterized scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, linear voltammetry, suggesting that had flower-like structure showed high oxygen evolution potential activity. performance ZnO-MnO2 in regard ammonia removal product selectivity investigated with different operating factors (i.e., electrolyte concentration, initial pH value, current density, Cl− concentration), results indicated efficiency could reach 100% N2 91.8% under optimal conditions. Additionally, mechanism oxidation proposed cyclic voltammetry tests active radical measurements, showing mainly oxidized via direct transfer, hydroxyl radicals, chlorine. Finally, equipped for actual pharmaceutical wastewater, which be completely removed 26.2% an energy consumption 52.7 kWh/kg N. Thus, prepared recycling is promising anode wastewater treatment.