Using Whole Trait Theory to unite trait and state mindfulness

Mindfulness has been studied as a momentary state and an enduring trait, yet little research reconciled these accounts. We draw from Whole Trait Theory (WTT) to conceptualize (the descriptive side of) trait mindfulness person-specific density distribution of mindful states. In preregistered secondary analyses three samples – daily diaries with adolescents (1,505 observations) experience sampling undergraduates (1,889 3,962 we examined distributions awareness non-judgment Consistent WTT, states (a) fluctuated considerably within persons across contexts, (b) were stable over time. WTT offers precision the construct while emphasizing its sensitivity contexts connection