Use of Sediqualsoft® to Determine the Toxicity of Cigarette Butts to Marine Species: A Weather Simulation Test

Cigarette butts (CBs) are among the dominant constituents of marine and beach litter. Few studies have been conducted, environmental effects CBs on species still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate ecotoxicological organisms both classic electronic CBs. Three representative different trophic levels in ecosystems (Aliivibrio fischeri, bacteria; Phaeodactylum tricornutum, algae, primary producers; Paracentrotus lividus, echinoderms, consumers) were tested. The natural ageing due exposure atmospheric conditions (natural sunlight vs. simulated rain) for times (1 2 weeks) evaluated. results weighted together obtain a synthetic hazard level environment (Class Hazard) from Sediqualsoft®. Classic (CCBs) performed worst posed mild moderate risk compared (absent Class Hazard). Smoked higher than unsmoked. highest was produced by after one week dry weather. Echinoderms body size reduction normo-formed (72 h) plutei shown be more sensitive organism endpoint, respectively. We recommend use Sediqualsoft® software assessment sediments contaminated with contaminants various types, especially conjunction weight evidence approach (WOE).