Use of modified palm kernel shell particles composite blend with cement or clay as alternative material for block production

This study presents the potential of modified Palm Kernel Shell (MPKS) particles in production blocks as an alternative building material using cement or clay binders. Several studies on (PKS) a blend with other natural fibres/fillers found that due to its hydrophilic nature, it has low physical and mechanical capabilities comparison MPKS, making less compatible any polymeric matrix. Experimental tests were conducted determine physico-mechanical attributes MPKS/Cement MPKS/Clay blocks, including characterization Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), well moisture content, water absorption, hardness, apparent porosity, bulk density, compressive strength, flake. The morphology samples was determined Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Results show block exhibit superior physicomechanical morphological properties compared MPKS/Clay. sample content ranged between 4.76 9.94%. 80/20 recorded most absorption at 49.5%, microhardness value 82.3 Hv for 20/80 sample. showed higher values porosity but least density samples. best strength 63.72 50.3 N/mm2, respectively, while both displayed very weak strengths. ratio is observed be optimum where better composites obtained. For structure industry’s long-term viability, MPKS’ aggregate manufacturing make asset some high-cost construction resources such sand.