U.S. Hookah Tobacco Smoking Establishments Advertised on the Internet
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
U.S. hookah tobacco smoking establishments advertised on the internet.
BACKGROUND Establishments dedicated to hookah tobacco smoking recently have proliferated and helped introduce hookah use to U.S. communities. PURPOSE To conduct a comprehensive, qualitative assessment of websites promoting these establishments. METHODS In June 2009, a systematic search process was initiated to access the universe of websites representing major hookah tobacco smoking establi...
متن کاملAssociations between hookah tobacco smoking knowledge and hookah smoking behavior among US college students.
Hookah tobacco smoking is increasing among US college students, including those who would not otherwise use tobacco. Part of hookah's appeal is attributed to the perception that hookah is less harmful than cigarettes. The aims of this study were to assess knowledge of harmful exposures associated with hookah smoking relative to cigarette smoking and to determine associations between this knowle...
متن کاملUS health policy related to hookah tobacco smoking.
OBJECTIVES Although US cigarette smoking is decreasing, hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) is an emerging trend associated with substantial toxicant exposure. We assessed how a representative sample of US tobacco control policies may apply to HTS. METHODS We examined municipal, county, and state legal texts applying to the 100 largest US cities. We developed a summary policy variable that distingui...
متن کاملTobacco Smoking Pattern: Cigarette vs. Hookah
Background: Smoking causes 5.2 million deaths annually in the world of which 70% occur in developing countries. Hookah smoking is increasing around the world especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Region including Iran. This study was carried out to evaluate the pattern of tobacco smoking in both forms of cigarette and hookah smoking. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted...
متن کاملPsychometric Properties of the Iranian Brief Version of the Transtheoretical Model Instrument in Terms of Hookah Tobacco Smoking Cessation
Background: Transtheoretical model (TTM) has been recognized as a common theoretical model in researches in terms of addictive behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian brief version of the TTM for hookah tobacco smoking cessation in a sample of Iranian rural adults who were in the preparation stage for hookah cessation.Methods: This was a valida...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0749-3797
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.013