Upgrading of triglycerides, pyrolysis oil, and lignin over metal sulfide catalysts: A review on the reaction mechanism, kinetics, and catalyst deactivation
نویسندگان
چکیده
Human activities such as burning fossil fuels for energy production have contributed to the rising global atmospheric CO2 concentration. The search alternative renewable and sustainable sources replace is crucial meet demand. Bio-feedstocks are abundant, carbon-rich, bioresources that can be transformed into value-added chemicals, biofuels, biomaterials. conversion of solid biomass liquid fuel their further hydroprocessing over catalysts has gained vast interest in industry academic research last few decades. Metal sulfide catalysts, a common type catalyst being used feedstocks, great due low cost, industrial relevance, easy implementation current refining infrastructures. In this review, we aim provide comprehensive overview covers hydrotreating various bio-feedstocks like fatty acids, phenolic compounds, pyrolysis oil, lignin feed using sulfided catalysts. main objectives highlight reaction mechanism/networks, types deactivation, kinetics involved viable feedstocks biofuels. computational approaches understand application metal sulfides deoxygenation also presented. challenges needs future related valorization different fuels, employing discussed work.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of environmental chemical engineering
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2213-2929', '2213-3437']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109614