Unit commitment with frequency‐arresting adequacy constraint: Modelling and pricing aspects

Frequency-arresting (FA) adequacy has received an increasing attention in operation of power systems with intermittent, electronically connected wind and sfolar generation. Presence high penetration renewable energy leads to reduced amount inertia the system need for more sustainable market design. This paper addresses FA by integrating Nadir rate change frequency constraints unit commitment formulation. Here, a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is proposed addressing adequacy. The MILP model non-convex accordingly, pricing requires techniques. explicit implicit uplift payment techniques are implemented using authors' model. primal–dual formulation employed technique. along its carefully studied through illustrative example system. For further discussions, Nordic 44-node test network studied.