Unbundling the effects of host-country institutions on foreign subsidiary survival: A case for subsidiary heterogeneity

Within-country product diversification and foreign subsidiary performance

Received: 1 March 2005 Revised: 22 November 2007 Accepted: 11 December 2007 Online publication date: 27 March 2008 Abstract We examine the product diversification of a multinational firm within each of its host-country markets. Based on a sample of 12,992 foreign subsidiaries of Japanese multinational firms, we find that higher levels of within-country product diversity led to higher subsidiary...

Which Ties Matter When? The Strategic Impact of Network Linkages on Foreign Subsidiary Survival

Moral Hazard and Optimal Subsidiary Structure for Financial Institutions

When a financial institution relies heavily on debt finance, it may be tempted to engage in risk-shifting, deviating from efficient asset choice. We show that such risk-shifting incentives can be dampened by creating a two-subsidiary structure, where one subsidiary holds lower-risk assets and the other holds higher-risk assets; intuitively, this “insulates” lower-risk assets from higher-risk as...

critical period effects in foreign language learning:the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of reading,writing, and grammar in english as a foreign language

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

the effect of consciousness raising (c-r) on the reduction of translational errors: a case study

در دوره های آموزش ترجمه استادان بیشتر سعی دارند دانشجویان را با انواع متون آشنا سازند، درحالی که کمتر به خطاهای مکرر آنان در متن ترجمه شده می پردازند. اهمیت تحقیق حاضر مبنی بر ارتکاب مکرر خطاهای ترجمانی حتی بعد از گذراندن دوره های تخصصی ترجمه از سوی دانشجویان است. هدف از آن تاکید بر خطاهای رایج میان دانشجویان مترجمی و کاهش این خطاها با افزایش آگاهی و هوشیاری دانشجویان از بروز آنها است.از آنجا ک...