“Umbrella Society” and Ancient Chinese Industrial and Commercial Management

نویسندگان

چکیده

The “umbrella society” has been of the main features China’s social structure. “umbrella” relationship between government and business operators is not only a major substructure but also an important method resource allocation. This existed for very long time. In ancient times, three most management systems in China (government-run business, contractor-run private business) were all more or less under control. view different levels participation operating systems, implemented corresponding protection policies these operators. general, provided “paternal protection” official businesses, “relative contracted “friendly businesses. kind differential had profound impact on pattern development China.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: International journal of business anthropology

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2398-3671', '2155-6237']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33423/ijba.v13i1.6120