Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Chinese propolis

Introduction Propolis is a beneficial bioactive food with rich polyphenols content. Nowadays, an increasing interest attracted to the extraction of from raw propolis. This study utilized novel ultrasound-assisted approach for polyphenol Chinese propolis, aiming improve its yield and reveal relevant mechanisms via kinetic as well compositional structural analysis. Methods The optimum conditions were optimized according total phenolic content flavonoids Compositional analysis conducted using high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time flight tandem mass spectrometry, high-performance chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results discussion follows: ratio solid, 60:1; ultrasound power, 135 W; duration, 20 min. Under conditions, antioxidant activities extract increased by 95.55% 64.46% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability assay 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, respectively, compared those obtained traditional maceration. second-order kinetics model was employed process; it found that significantly accelerated propolis maximum volume compounds. qualitative quantitative compositions showed did not change types in but improved contents various acids such galangin, chrysin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin isoferulic acid. Likewise, FT-IR indicated functional groups similar two extracts. SEM revealed enhanced contact areas between ethanol breaking down particles eroding surface.