Ultrasonic Delignification and Microstructural Characterization of Switchgrass

This present study was undertaken to investigate the ultrasonic delignification of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and effects irradiation on molecular microstructure switchgrass. We investigated this question using response surface methodology (RSM) featuring a four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken experimental design with acoustic power (120, 180, 240 W), solid–solvent ratio (1/25, 1/20, 1/15 g/mL), hammer mill screen size (1.6, 3.2, 6.4 mm), sonication time (10, 30, 50 min) as factors, while (%) variable. The native treated samples were further characterized through crystallinity measurements electron microscopy. results lignin analysis show that percent ranged between 1.86% 20.11%. multivariate quadratic regression model developed statistically significant at p < 0.05. SEM TEM micrographs grinds resulted in cell wall disruption micro- nano-scales. XRD revealed reduction mean crystallite index from 15.39 13.13 Å 48.86% 47.49%, respectively, no change occurred d-spacings. investigation induces chemical structural changes switchgrass, which could enhance its use for biofuel bioproducts applications.