Two-step Doppler cooling of a three-level ladder system with an intermediate metastable level

Two-photon and electromagnetically-induced-transparency-assisted Doppler cooling in a three-level cascade system

Laser cooling is theoretically investigated in a cascade three-level scheme, where the excited state of a laser-driven transition is coupled by a second laser to a top, more stable level, as for alkaline-earth-metal atoms. The second laser action modifies the atomic scattering cross section and produces temperatures lower than those reached by Doppler cooling on the lower transition. When multi...

Prospects for Doppler cooling of three-electronic-level molecules

Analogous to the extension of laser cooling techniques from two-level to three-level atoms, Doppler cooling of molecules with an intermediate electronic state is considered. In particular, we use a rate-equation approach to simulate cooling of SiO+, in which population buildup in the intermediate state is prevented by its short lifetime. We determine that Doppler cooling of SiO+ can be accompli...

Electromagnetically induced absorption in a nondegenerate three-level ladder system.

We investigate, theoretically and experimentally, the transmission of light through a thermal vapor of three-level ladder-type atoms, in the presence of two counterpropagating control fields. A simple theoretical model predicts the presence of electromagnetically induced absorption in this pure three-level system when the control field is resonant. Experimentally, we use (87)Rb in a large magne...

Bichromatic laser cooling in a three-level system.

SAIL: Static Analysis Intermediate Language with a Two-Level Representation

In this paper, we present Sail (Static Analysis Intermediate Language), a front-end which provides both a highand a low-level representation of programs and maintains a precise mapping from the low-level instructions to the high-level expressions and statements in the original source code. This two-level representation makes it easy to perform semantic analysis of programs on the low-level repr...