Tsunami-Induced Bore Propagating over a Canal—Part 1: Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Validation

This companion paper investigates the hydrodynamics of turbulent bores that propagate on a horizontal plane and have striking resemblance to dam break waves tsunami-like hydraulic bores. The focus this is propagation bore over mitigation canal using both laboratory experiments numerical simulations. In first part paper, effects depth time histories wave height velocity were experimentally investigated, experimental results used for validation model. rapid release water from an impoundment reservoir at depths do = 0.30 m 0.40 generated analogous tsunami-induced inundations. heights velocities measured 0.2 upstream 0.58 downstream study energy dissipation effect canal. recorded series surface levels compared with simulation outputs, good agreement was found between profiles, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) less than 6.7% relative error 8.4%. Three turbulence models, including standard k-ε, Realizable RNG tested, it all these models performed well, k-ε model providing highest accuracy. contour plots different showed jet streams sizes in shallow, medium-depth, deep canals. air bubble entrainment as plunged downward into increased increased, stream maximum decreased increased. It eye vortex created by moved direction middle canal, where then began separate two smaller vortices.