Trochlear-oculomotor synkinesis: another congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder?

A congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder: Möbius' syndrome.

Möbius' syndrome, also known as Möbius' sequence, is a nonprogressive cranial dysinnervation disorder characterized by congenital facial and abducens nerve paralysis. Here, we report a 5-day-old girl who was conceived after in vitro fertilization with poor suck and facial paralysis. She had bilaterally ptosis and lateral gaze limitation, left-sided deviation of the tongue, dysmorphic face, hypo...

Congenital crocodile tears with Duane's syndrome--congenital cranial dysinnervation syndrome.

Recent progress in understanding congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.

BACKGROUND In 2002, the new term congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD) was proposed as a substitute for the traditional concept of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) based on mounting genetic, neuropathologic, and imaging evidence, suggesting that many, if not all, of these disorders result from a primary neurologic maldevelopment rather than from a muscle abnorm...

Chromosome 6 microdeletion in a patient with syndromic congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder

T congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) encompass most congenital, static restrictions of ocular motility, often associated with ptosis, and retraction of the globe.1 The CCDDs can be monogenic or chromosomal in origin. Although chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) has been reported in patients with syndromic CCDDs,2 but there are still patients for whom the genetic basis has...

Imaging of Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI in Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders are a group of diseases caused by abnormal development of cranial nerve nuclei or their axonal connections, resulting in aberrant innervation of the ocular and facial musculature. Its diagnosis could be facilitated by the development of high resolution thin-section magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this review is to describe the method to vis...