Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion

Commercial-vehicle manufacturers design vehicles to operate over a wide range of transportation tasks and driving cycles. However, certain possibilities reducing emissions, manufacturing operational costs from end are neglected if the target is narrow known in advance, especially case electrified propulsion. Apart real-time energy optimization, vehicle hardware can be meticulously tailored best fit task. As proposed this study, heterogeneous fleet heavy-vehicles designed more cost- energy-efficient manner, coupling between hardware, mission, infrastructure considered during initial conceptual-design stages. To end, rather large optimization problem was defined solved minimize total cost ownership an integrated manner for real-world study. In said case-study, variables included recharging infrastructure, loading–unloading scheme, number each type, trips, vehicle-loading capacity, selection conventional, fully electric, hybrid powertrains, size internal-combustion engines electric motors, axles being powered, type battery packs. This study demonstrated that by means customization, battery-electric could strongly compete against their conventional combustion-powered counterparts. The primary focus has been put on optimizing propulsion, transport than routing.