Transition from volcano-sagging to volcano-spreading
نویسندگان
چکیده
Many volcanoes exhibit evidence of long-term deformation driven by gravity. This influences the development magmatic plumbing systems and volcanic vent locations, it manifests as earthquakes ground surface motions. Two end-member styles are volcano sagging (flexure) spreading. Previous modeling studies indicated that mechanical geometric properties basement rocks below can control whether a spreads or sags, but these works differed on exactly how. Furthermore, in nature may progress from to spreading grows has not been tested experimentally. Using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) revised scaling approach, we here revisit classic experiments which sand–plaster cone is emplaced upon comprising an upper brittle layer lower ductile layer. In first experiment series, instantaneously. By normalizing both thicknesses height, provide new insight into dimensionless controls sagging. novel second incrementally. We show growing migrates through parameter space, its style changes successively time DIC shows horizontal velocity flank increases linearly non-linearly during construction, decreases exponentially after construction ceases. Despite their simplification omission several sedimentological, magmatic, regional-tectonic processes, our models' results compatible with range observations Earth Mars. particular, they help explain: (i) why lithosphere-scale loading rather than spreading, (ii) ocean island >2-3 km height develop stellate forms rift zones.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1385-013X', '0012-821X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118012