Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Attenuates Enterococcus faecalis Virulence and Inhibits Biofilm Formation

Enterococcus faecalis as an important nosocomial pathogen is critically implicated in the pathogenesis of endocarditis, urinary tract, and persistent root canal infections. Its major virulence attributes (biofilm formation, production proteases, hemolytic toxins) enable it to cause extensive host tissue damage. With alarming increase enterococcal resistance antibiotics, novel therapeutics are required inhibit E. biofilm formation virulence. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), main phytochemical cinnamon essential oils, has demonstrated promising activity against a wide range pathogens. Here, we comprehensively investigated effect TC on planktonic growth, proteolytic activities, well gene regulation faecalis. Our findings revealed that sub-inhibitory concentrations reduced exopolysaccharides, its activities. Mechanistic studies significant downregulation quorum sensing fsr locus downstream gelE, which regulators Taken together, our study highlights potential