Tradeoffs between mating effort and parenting effort in a polygynandrous mammal

•Male olive baboons invest in both mating effort and parenting effort•Investment are negatively correlated•Parenting has negative, but uncertain, effects on paternity success•Males seem to trade off Reproductive strategies defined by expenditures of time energy devoted effort, which increases opportunities, enhances the survival offspring. We examine tradeoffs between male baboons, Papio anubis, a species males compete for also form ties lactating females (primary associations) that represent effort. Males involved more primary associations less than who fewer associations. play smaller role establishing proximity their associates other males, suggesting operate under temporal constraints. There is some evidence involvement affects success. Taken together, data suggest face Male reproductive welfare offspring.1Trivers R. Parental investment sexual selection.in: Campbell B. Sexual Selection Descent Man. 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Sixteen least study. average, five (ENK: 1.35 ± 1.35, range 0–5; PHG: 0.95 1.03, 0–5). associates, constant. increased, median predictive distribution shifted closer 0 all ranks 2, 2). predicted average no approach approximately (0 associates: 1.90 0.85 (median standard error) per hour; 1 associate: 1.23± 0.53 tim